{"id":46639,"date":"2022-01-28T22:39:48","date_gmt":"2022-01-28T21:39:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/?page_id=46639"},"modified":"2025-12-06T08:29:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T07:29:19","slug":"nespravne-pomenovanie-mongolov-ako-tatari-v-historii","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/sport-a-kultura\/historia\/nespravne-pomenovanie-mongolov-ako-tatari-v-historii\/","title":{"rendered":"Nespr\u00e1vne pomenovanie Mongolov ako Tat\u00e1ri v hist\u00f3ri\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div><\/i> Spravodaj <\/span><\/a>\n<\/i> Aktivity a kult\u00fara <\/span><\/a>\n<\/i> Hist\u00f3ria <\/span><\/a>\n
<\/div>\n
\"Mongoli\"
Mongoli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
<\/div>\n

Bol mas\u00edvny vp\u00e1d, ktor\u00fd zmenil mapu strednej Eur\u00f3py, naozaj tat\u00e1rsky alebo mongolsk\u00fd?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Mongolsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d do Uhorska<\/b> je v stredoeur\u00f3pskych kronik\u00e1ch a v povedom\u00ed verejnosti \u010dasto, no nespr\u00e1vne naz\u00fdvan\u00fd<\/b> aj ako tat\u00e1rsky<\/b>. Kto vlastne boli p\u00f4vodn\u00ed Tat\u00e1ri<\/b> a ak\u00fd bol ich osud, ktor\u00fd viedol k tomuto historick\u00e9mu omylu<\/b>?<\/p>\n

Ako zanikol siln\u00fd tat\u00e1rsky kme\u0148 a pre\u010do sa jeho meno stalo synonymom Mongolov?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tat\u00e1ri<\/b> boli rozsiahlym v\u00fdchodomongolsk\u00fdm kme\u0148om<\/b>, ktor\u00fd ob\u00fdval rozsiahle \u00fazemia bl\u00edzko jazera Bujr n\u00far<\/strong>, ako aj na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho Mongolska<\/b> a v \u010dasti \u010c\u00edny<\/b>. Patrili k najsilnej\u0161\u00edm mongolsk\u00fdm kme\u0148om<\/b> a hovorili mongolsky<\/b>. Ako jeden z najmocnej\u0161\u00edch kme\u0148ov svojej doby, Tat\u00e1ri \u010dasto dominovali nad susedn\u00fdmi n\u00e1rodmi a kme\u0148mi s nasaden\u00edm nekompromisnej krutosti a efekt\u00edvneho vojensk\u00e9ho umenia.<\/p>\n

Jazero Bujr n\u00far (mongolsky \u0411\u0443\u0439\u0440 \u043d\u0443\u0443\u0440)<\/b>, v bl\u00edzkosti ktor\u00e9ho Tat\u00e1ri<\/b> \u017eili, sa nach\u00e1dza vo V\u00fdchodnom ajmagu<\/strong> na v\u00fdchode Mongolska<\/b> a jeho severoz\u00e1padn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 zasahuje aj do auton\u00f3mnej oblasti Vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 Mongolsko<\/b> v \u010c\u00ednskej \u013eudovej republike. Le\u017e\u00ed v plochej n\u00edzkej prepadline v nadmorskej v\u00fd\u0161ke<\/b> 583 metrov, m\u00e1 rozlohu pribli\u017ene 610 km2<\/span> a dosahuje h\u013abku 11<\/span>\u00a0metrov.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Pr\u00e1ve proti tomuto kme\u0148u viedol \u010cingisch\u00e1n<\/b>, zjednotite\u013e Mongolov<\/b>, v roku 1202 vojensk\u00fd pochod. Po ich definit\u00edvnej por\u00e1\u017eke dal \u010cingisch\u00e1n<\/b> drviv\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu popul\u00e1cie popravi\u0165<\/b>. Nechal na\u017eive iba malolet\u00e9 deti a nieko\u013eko \u017eien, a tak tento kedysi siln\u00fd mongolsk\u00fd kme\u0148<\/b> prakticky zanikol<\/b>.<\/p>\n

\u010cingisch\u00e1n, p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm menom Tem\u00fcd\u017ein<\/b>, zjednotil rozdroben\u00e9 mongolsk\u00e9 kmene a v roku 1206 bol na sneme (kurultaji<\/i>) vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za \u010cingisch\u00e1na<\/b> (\u010do znamen\u00e1 „Univerz\u00e1lny vl\u00e1dca“ alebo „Ve\u013ek\u00fd vlad\u00e1r“) a zalo\u017eil obrovsk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Napriek tomu sa nespr\u00e1vne pomenovanie Mongolov<\/b> a nesk\u00f4r aj obyvate\u013eov Zlatej Hordy ako Tat\u00e1ri<\/b> roz\u0161\u00edrilo po celom svete. Pod\u013ea popredn\u00fdch historikov<\/b> sa n\u00e1zov Tat\u00e1ri<\/b> stal celosvetovo zn\u00e1mym v \u010c\u00edne<\/b> a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v muslimsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch (ako boli Ch\u00f3rezmsk\u00e1 r\u00ed\u0161a \u010di Perzia), kde sl\u00fa\u017eil ako spolo\u010dn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie v\u0161etk\u00fdch kme\u0148ov a n\u00e1rodov, ktor\u00e9 \u017eili v tom \u010dase v Strednej \u00c1zii<\/b>. Ke\u010f za\u010dal \u010cingisch\u00e1n<\/b> zjednocova\u0165 a dob\u00fdva\u0165 okolit\u00e9 mongolsk\u00e9 kmene<\/b>, susedn\u00e9 n\u00e1rody si medzi sebou odovzd\u00e1vali inform\u00e1ciu, \u017ee \u010cingisch\u00e1n<\/b> vedie arm\u00e1du Tat\u00e1rov<\/b>, \u010do bolo v ich re\u010di vlastne synonymum<\/b> pre Mongolov<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do sa nespr\u00e1vny n\u00e1zov Mongolov ako Tat\u00e1ri zakorenil pr\u00e1ve v eur\u00f3pskych kronik\u00e1ch?<\/span><\/h3>\n

Samotn\u00e9 slovo \u201eTatar\u201c (\u010d\u00ednsky \u97c3\u977c, D\u00e1-d\u00e1, resp. star\u0161ie formy ako \u9054\u977c \/ \u9054\u601b, D\u00e1-d\u00e1 alebo \u9791\u977c, D\u00e1-d\u00e1) pou\u017e\u00edvali u\u017e \u010c\u00ed\u0148ania z obdobia dynastie Tang (7.\u201310. storo\u010die) ako v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie pre r\u00f4zne ko\u010dovn\u00e9 kmene \u017eij\u00face severne a severoz\u00e1padne od Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho \u010d\u00ednskeho m\u00faru \u2013 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm proto-mongolsk\u00e9 a turko-mongolsk\u00e9 skupiny v oblasti dne\u0161n\u00e9ho Mongolska a ju\u017enej Sib\u00edri.<\/p>\n

Konkr\u00e9tne sa toto meno najprv viazalo na kme\u0148 T\u01cet\u01ce (\u9054\u977c), ktor\u00fd patril do \u0161ir\u0161ej konfeder\u00e1cie Shiwei (\u5ba4\u97cb). \u010c\u00ed\u0148ania vtedy zvykli v\u0161etky \u201ebarbarsk\u00e9\u201c kmene za m\u00farom h\u00e1dza\u0165 do jednej kateg\u00f3rie a volali ich r\u00f4znymi podobn\u00fdmi menami \u2013 Tata, Dada, Tatan, at\u010f. Nesk\u00f4r, v 11.\u201312. storo\u010d\u00ed, sa pojem \u201eTatar\u201c v \u010d\u00ednskych prame\u0148och ust\u00e1lil najm\u00e4 pre kme\u0148ov\u00fd zv\u00e4z, ktor\u00fd \u017eil v oblasti jazera Bajkal a v\u00fdchodn\u00e9ho Mongolska a ktor\u00fd bol v tom \u010dase najsilnej\u0161\u00edm mongolsk\u00fdm kme\u0148om (pred vzostupom \u010cingisch\u00e1na).<\/p>\n

Tento nespr\u00e1vny n\u00e1zov Mongolov ako Tat\u00e1ri<\/b> sa do Eur\u00f3py<\/b> roz\u0161\u00edril prostredn\u00edctvom kme\u0148a Polovcov<\/b> (naz\u00fdvan\u00fdch aj ako Kum\u00e1ni<\/b>). T\u00edto Polovci utekali<\/b> pred inv\u00e1ziou Mongolov<\/b> najsk\u00f4r do Ruska a nesk\u00f4r a\u017e do strednej Eur\u00f3py. Pr\u00e1ve Kum\u00e1ni<\/b> rozniesli zves\u0165 o tomto stra\u0161nom n\u00e1rode z v\u00fdchodu<\/b>. A tak, rovnako ako Kum\u00e1ni<\/b> naz\u00fdvali t\u00fdchto votrelcov Tat\u00e1rmi<\/b>, aj ostatn\u00e9 eur\u00f3pske n\u00e1rody<\/b> ich za\u010dali automaticky naz\u00fdva\u0165 rovnak\u00fdm menom. Preto sa stalo, \u017ee dodnes ani v rusk\u00fdch a ani v eur\u00f3pskych kronik\u00e1ch<\/b> nen\u00e1jdeme p\u00f4vodn\u00e9 a spr\u00e1vne slovo Mongoli<\/b>, ale Tat\u00e1ri<\/b>. Turisti<\/b> nav\u0161tevuj\u00faci historick\u00e9 miesta strednej Eur\u00f3py tak \u010dasto nar\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa na t\u00fato historick\u00fa nepresnos\u0165<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do modern\u00ed Tat\u00e1ri nes\u00fa meno d\u00e1vno vyhladen\u00e9ho kme\u0148a?<\/span><\/h2>\n

To, \u010do dnes naz\u00fdvame Tat\u00e1rmi, je v\u00fdsledkom n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho historick\u00e9ho procesu. P\u00f4vodn\u00fd mongolsk\u00fd kme\u0148 s t\u00fdmto menom bol v skuto\u010dnosti zni\u010den\u00fd alebo pohlten\u00fd. Mongolsk\u00ed dobyvatelia v\u0161ak ich meno (Tat\u00e1ri) priniesli do Eur\u00f3py a za\u010dali ho pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako s\u00fahrnn\u00e9 ozna\u010denie pre v\u0161etky svoje inv\u00e1zne vojsk\u00e1, vr\u00e1tane turkick\u00fdch spojencov.<\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed Tat\u00e1ri toto prevzat\u00e9 meno prijali ako vlastn\u00fa etnick\u00fa identitu a hrdia sa tak dedi\u010dstvom mocnej Zlatej hordy a rovnako aj odkazom Mongolskej r\u00ed\u0161e (Mongolyn Ezent G\u00fcren), hoci s p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm kme\u0148om u\u017e nemaj\u00fa priame spojenie.<\/p>\n

\n
\"Mongoli\"
Mongoli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bol mas\u00edvny vp\u00e1d, ktor\u00fd zmenil mapu strednej Eur\u00f3py, naozaj tat\u00e1rsky alebo mongolsk\u00fd? Mongolsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d do Uhorska je v stredoeur\u00f3pskych kronik\u00e1ch a v povedom\u00ed verejnosti \u010dasto, no nespr\u00e1vne naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj ako […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":71623,"parent":46308,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46639","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"featured_image_src":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli.jpg","featured_image_src_square":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli.jpg","rbea_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/author\/admin\/"},"rbea_excerpt_info":"Bol mas\u00edvny vp\u00e1d, ktor\u00fd zmenil mapu strednej Eur\u00f3py, naozaj tat\u00e1rsky alebo mongolsk\u00fd? Mongolsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d do Uhorska je v stredoeur\u00f3pskych kronik\u00e1ch a v povedom\u00ed verejnosti \u010dasto, no nespr\u00e1vne naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj ako […]","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli.jpg",1168,784,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli-268x180.jpg",268,180,true],"medium":["https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli-800x537.jpg",800,537,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli-768x516.jpg",768,516,true],"large":["https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli.jpg",1168,784,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli.jpg",1168,784,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/mongoli.jpg",1168,784,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"admin","author_link":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Bol mas\u00edvny vp\u00e1d, ktor\u00fd zmenil mapu strednej Eur\u00f3py, naozaj tat\u00e1rsky alebo mongolsk\u00fd? Mongolsk\u00fd vp\u00e1d do Uhorska je v stredoeur\u00f3pskych kronik\u00e1ch a v povedom\u00ed verejnosti \u010dasto, no nespr\u00e1vne naz\u00fdvan\u00fd aj ako […]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46639","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46639"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46639\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":71890,"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46639\/revisions\/71890"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46308"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/71623"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.keturist.sk\/info\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46639"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}